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Forbidden Times for Prayer
Prayer that has no preceding or coinciding reason is forbidden during five times: ( This applies only to NON FARD prayers. )
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at the rising of the sun until it rises the measure of a spear
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at noon on other than Friday until it descends
at the yellowing until it sets
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after the morning prayer until the sun rises
- after the late afternoon prayer until it sets
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Integral of prayers.
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The integrals of prayer are those things that have to be done (or said) in order for the prayer to be valid.
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Omitting any of the integrals of prayer (whether intentionally, absentmindedly, or out of ignorance) renders the prayer invalid.
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Such a prayer cannot be repaired by the forgetfulness prostration and must be repeated.
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An integral can be referred to as a rukn (pl. arkan) or as a fard (pl. fara’id or furood). [Reliance, f11.2]
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Making Up Prayers
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When making up at night (from sunset to true dawn) a prayer that one missed during the day or night, one recites aloud
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When making up in the daytime (nahar, from dawn to sunset) a prayer that one missed during the day or night, one recites to oneself
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At dawn, (N: from true dawn to sunrise), all makeup prayers are recited aloud
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The upshot is that one recites aloud in all prayers that are made up at times when one normally recites aloud, and recites to oneself at the times one normally recites to oneself
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When making up missed prayers, one can intend the same thing that one would intend if one were praying it on time. If one missed the zuhr prayer, for example, and was making it up after its time, one would say, “I intend to pray the obligatory prayer of zuhr (usalli fard al-dhuhr).” It is not necessary to intend whether the prayer is a make-up or a current performance, although it is superior to do so (Reliance, f8.3).
Praying sitting or standing
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The more important between the two issues of not standing and facing the direction of the prayer is the latter as the imams have said. It is obligatory for the above mentioned ill person in the question to pray sitting down and not to stand because standing causes him to turn away from the direction of prayer.
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This applies to all rak`as but the first. As for the first rak`ah, it is obligatory for him to start off by praying standing because he can do so without turning away from the direction of prayer. Once he sits down in the first rak`ah, he cannot stand up without turning away from the direction of prayer so he give precedence to facing the direction of prayer over standing during prayer and completes his prayer while sitting down.
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As for his sitting on the chair and not going down to prostrate on the ground, this is not valid because he is able to prostrate on the ground, so he must do so. In this case, he should pray sitting on the ground, not on a chair because he needs to go down to prostrate. |
